Thursday, December 24, 2009

Breaking News: NWO Grant Approved

Colleagues in the textual critical field will surely forgive us the all too general title and tag line of the following press release, and retain the good news: serious work will be done in the coming years on the important and intricate topic of New Testament conjectural emendation. In the first months of 2010, two PhD positions will become available, so keep posted.

Do we have the original text of the New Testament?
NWO grant for restoring the text of the New Testament

The search for the original text of the New Testament often involves solving intricate puzzles. Which textual reading from the manuscripts seems to be the most authentic, is the oldest, or has the best witnesses in its favour? When the manuscripts do not offer a solution, scholars sometimes conjecture a reading. This step, involving conjectural criticism, is not undisputed, for it seems to involve tampering with a text many regard as sacred. All the same, conjectural criticism has had a long and fruitful history beginning with Erasmus and its value has been proven repeatedly. Conjectural criticism demands a multidisciplinary approach, interfacing with sacred texts and their reception history, church history and cultural studies, as well as scholarly editing. The need for a comprehensive mapping of the field of conjectural criticism of the New Testament text has been felt for decades.

The Humanities Division of NWO approved a 600,000 Euro research proposal called New Testament Conjectural Emendation: A Comprehensive Enquiry, submitted by Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte and Jan Krans. Both scholars  are employed at the Faculty of Theology, VU University Amsterdam and affiliated with VISOR (VU Institute for the Study of Culture, Religion and Society) and the ACNTS (Amsterdam Centre for New Testament Studies). The research project, which runs from 2010 to 2014, will be carried out in collaboration with the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung (INTF) of the Münster University and the Institute for Textual Scholarship and Electronic Editing (ITSEE) of the University of Birmingham.

Two PhD students will participate in the project. The first will investigate the second half of the eighteenth century, when the problem of the New Testament text becomes fully visible for the first time. The second will investigate the second half of the nineteenth century, during which many radical proposals for textual emendations were made, especially in the Netherlands. A post-doc researcher will write a general history of New Testament conjectures and conjectural criticism. A database of thoroughly documented important conjectures will be connected to the standard edition of the Greek New Testament (Editio Critica Maior) which is currently being prepared in Münster and Birmingham.

For more information, please contact Jan Krans (jlh.krans [at] th.vu.nl), or Bert Jan Lietaert Peerbolte (lj.lietaert_peerbolte [at] th.vu.nl].

The Dutch version of this press release is found here on the VU University website and here on the VISOR website.

Friday, November 20, 2009

The Basel and Leiden editions of Erasmus' Opera omnia online

The Erasmus Center for Early Modern Studies, an initiative of the Erasmus University Rotterdam and Rotterdam City Library, has an impressive website, which is gradually expanding. An important element is ‘Erasmus online’ (EOL) a full database of the Erasmus collection in Rotterdam.


I recently found out that the complete Basel edition of Erasmus’ works (edited by Beatus Rhenanus; published in 1540; some 9500 pages!), as well as the Leiden edition (LB; edited by Clericus; published 1703-1706; more than 6000 large pages!), are available (in DjVU format).

Of course, for those volumes that are available, scholarly work has to be done on the basis of the Amsterdam edition (ASD) and the Toronto Collected Works of Erasmus (CWE). Still, these resources are very welcome, and, as far as I can see, very well done.
Finally, a tip for querying the database: select an author (e.g. Erasmus) by using the index and choose facsimiles only. And perhaps it is not a very good idea to try downloading these massive works ...

Tuesday, November 17, 2009

Yet again: Codex Boreelianus

Today, in the Utrecht University Library, a special book was presented: Bijzonder onderzoek. Een ontdekkingsreis door de Bijzondere Collecties van de Universiteitsbibliotheek Utrecht (‘Special Research [or: Extraordinary Exploration(s)]. A Voyage of Discovery through the Special Collections of the Utrecht University Library’). Celebrating its 425 years (even though the University itself is more recent), 36 authors write about their favorite objects in the Library’s special collections.

An impression of the special treatment inflicted on the Codex Boreelianus
(photo Peter Rothengatter)
To readers of this blog it will probably not come as a surprise that I was asked to write the story of Codex Boreelianus. Even the very few who do not read Dutch will appreciate the beautiful images made by the photographers (not only in this article, but throughout the volume).
Perhaps not everybody is willing to invest the bagatel of 30 euros in such a book; in that case, the chapters can be found as PDF files on a special website. The PDF with the chapter on Boreelianus can be downloaded directly.
One day perhaps, an English version of the book will be published as well.

Saturday, November 07, 2009

A book on gospel lectionary 351

Those who think that only large uncial NT manuscripts such as the Sinaiticus or Codex Bezae deserve the honour of having an entire book (or even more) devoted to them may be surprised to learn that text-critically perhaps less important minuscule lectionaries, not even mentioned in Nestle-Aland27 can become just as happy, if the circumstances are right.
John Lowden, The Jaharis Gospel Lectionary. The Story of a Byzantine Book, New Haven etc., Yale University Press etc., 2009.


It took me some close reading (i.e. note 9 on p. 121) to find out that this "Jaharis Gospel Lectionary" is l 351 in the Gregory-Aland numbering. In the Kurzgefasste Liste, the manuscript is still located in Paris, at the Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français, shelf mark Ms. 206. That should thus become The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, accession number 2007.286 (which BTW one looks for in vain in the book).
The manuscript is now named after Mary and Michael Jaharis, thanks to whom the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art could acquire it (see also the museum's webpage on the ms.).
The book itself, written by a professor of the Courtauld Institute of Art in London, is an interesting read, and in a way a good introduction on these Byzantine lectionaries as well (see also Appendix 1 on the Menologion Rubrics etc.). There are many (beautiful) images, of course, also of other manuscripts, for instance New York Pierpont Morgan Library Ms. 639 (l 381 for NT textual critics) (figs. 58; 89-90 in the book) and Sinai, St. Catherine's Monastery Gr. 204 (l 300) (figs. 21-22).

Friday, September 25, 2009

The second Elzeviers’ edition of the Greek New Testament

At Google Books, I just found a copy of the 1633 edition of the textus receptus, famous for the fact that Heinsius' preface contains the words 'textum ... receptum' (f. 2v). It is one of the many valuable additions thanks to the Bibliothèque Cantonale et Universitaire of Lausanne, where numerous old books are "google-ised" ("googelisés" is the French word).

History, Orality, and Collective Memory


The Amsterdam Center for New Testament Studies of the VU University Amsterdam organizes on October 15th a one-day International Conference on "History, Orality, and Collective Memory", with the obvious question attached to it: "A New Paradigm for the History of Early Christianity?" Speakers will be Samuel Byrskog (Lund) and Michael Labahn (Halle).
For more information, you can visit the Centre's website, especially the PDF document (in Dutch) with all the information. Perhaps a nice occasion to visit Amsterdam, as beautiful in autumn as in every other season ...

Wednesday, September 09, 2009

A selection of text-critical articles and reviews from The Bible Translator (1950-2000)

Selection composed by J.L.H. Krans, VU University Amsterdam in 2003-2004, and updated in September 2009. Formerly, the links referred to the TC Ebind project, but they have now been updated to refer to the resources site of the United Bible Societies.
1 (1950)
‘Proposed Publication of the Manuscript Evidence for the Text of the Greek New Testament’, in BT 1 (1950), pp. 169-171. [Announcement of IGNTP]
2 (1951)
Erwin Nestle, ‘How to use a Greek New Testament’, in BT 2 (1951), pp. 49-55.
Frederick C. Grant, ‘The Greek Text of the New Testament’, in BT 2 (1951), pp. 117-121. [On the Greek text underlying RSV]
4 (1953)
W.R. Hutton, ‘Textual Emendation in the Old Testament’, in BT 4 (1953), pp. 13-14.
A.W. Argyle, ‘The Elements of New Testament Textual Criticism’, in BT 4 (1953), pp. 118-125.
5 (1954)
William A. Irwin, ‘Textual Criticism and Old Testament Translation’, in BT 5 (1954), pp. 54-58.
7 (1956)
G. Ch. Aalders, ‘Translator or Textual Critic?’, in BT 7 (1956), pp. 15-16. [OT TC]
William L. Wonderly, ‘What About Italics?’, in BT 7 (1956), pp. 114-116. [On the use of italics in translations]
8 (1957)
A.F.J. Klijn, ‘The Value of the Versions for the Textual Criticism of the New Testament’, in BT 8 (1957), pp. 127-130.
J. Ramsey Michaels, ‘Some Notable Readings of Papyrus Bodmer II’, in BT 8 (1957), pp. 150-154. [On P66]
9 (1958)
G.D. Kilpatrick, ‘The Transmission of the New Testament and its Reliability’, in BT 9 (1958), pp. 127-136.
Kenneth Grayston, review of Kilpatrick, A New Edition of the Nestle Greek New Testament, in BT 9 (1958), pp. 185-189.
10 (1959)
‘A New Edition of the Greek New Testament’, in BT 10 (1959), pp. 29-34. [Announcement/Program of UBSGNT1]
13 (1962)
Wilbur Aulie, ‘The Textual Basis of Some Spanish Versions of the New Testament’, in BT 13 (1962), pp. 212-218.
15 (1964)
Wilfred J. Bradnock, review of Metzger, The Text of the New Testament ..., in BT 15 (1964), pp. 201-203.
16 (1965)
Ian A. Moir, review of Tasker, The Greek New Testament, being ... New English Bible, in BT 16 (1965), pp. 49-51. [With an interesting editorial note, p. 51]
Tom Gaumer, ‘An Examination of Some Western Textual Variants Adopted in the Greek Text of the New English Bible’, in BT 16 (1965), pp. 184-189.
17 (1966)
Robert P. Markham, ‘The Bible Societies’ Greek Testament: the End of a Decade or Beginning of an Era?’, in BT 17 (1966), pp. 106-113. [On UBSGNT1]
18 (1967)
Robert P. Markham, ‘The Bible Societies’ Greek Testament: A Symposium: A. The Critical Apparatus’, in BT 18 (1967), pp. 3-11. [On UBSGNT1]
Stephen C. Neill, ‘The Bible Societies’ Greek Testament: A Symposium: B. Review’, in BT 18 (1967), pp. 12-15. [On UBSGNT1]
Harold K. Moulton, ‘The Bible Societies’ Greek Testament: A Symposium: C. The Punctuation Apparatus’, in BT 18 (1967), pp. 16-19. [On UBSGNT1]
Robert G. Bratcher, ‘The T.E.V. New Testament and the Greek Text’, in BT 18 (1967), pp. 167-174.
24 (1973)
Ian A. Moir, review of Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, in BT 24 (1973), pp. 329-333. [On the first edition 1971]
25 (1974)
Carlo M. Martini, review of Aune (ed.), Studies in New Testament and Early Christian Literature. Essays in Honor of Allen P. Wikgren, in BT 25 (1974), pp. 150-152. [Wikgren FS]
26 (1975)
J. Keith Elliott, ‘A Second Look at the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament’, in BT 26 (1975), pp. 325-332.
28 (1977)
Matthew Black, ‘The United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament Evaluated - A Reply’, in BT 28 (1977), pp. 116-120. [Reply to Elliott]
Elizabeth G. Edwards, ‘On Using the Textual Apparatus of the UBS Greek New Testament’, in BT 28 (1977), pp. 121-143.
Jan Slomp, ‘Are the Words "Son of God" in Mark 1.1 Original?’, in BT 28 (1977), pp. 143-150. [Answer: better not]
J.K. Elliott, ‘John 1.14 and the New Testament’s Use of plèrès’, in BT 28 (1977), pp. 151-153.
29 (1978)
Klaus Junack, ‘The Reliability of the New Testament Text from the Perspective of Textual Criticism’, in BT 29 (1978), pp. 128-140.
30 (1979)
J.K. Elliott. ‘The United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament: A Short Examination of the Third Edition’, in BT 30 (1979), pp. 135-138.
31 (1980)
Gordon D. Fee, ‘The Majority Text and the Original Text of the New Testament’, in BT 31 (1980), pp. 107-118.
John Ellington, ‘The Use and Limitations of Interlinear Editions’, in BT 31 (1980), pp. 212-219.
Erroll Rhodes, review of D.A. Carson, The King James Version Debate: A Plea for Realism, in BT 31 (1980), pp. 337-338.
P.E. [Paul Ellingworth], review of Ernest Best and R. McL. Wilson (eds.), Text and Interpretation, in BT 31 (1980), pp. 341-342. [Matthew Black FS]
32 (1981)
Eugene A. Nida, ‘The "Harder Reading" in Textual Criticism: An Application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics’, in BT 32 (1981), pp. 101-107.
33 (1982)
J.M. Ross, ‘The "Harder Reading" in Textual Criticism’, in BT 33 (1982), pp. 138-139.
P.E. [Paul Ellingworth], review of Bruce M. Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible, in BT 33 (1982), p. 341.
Barclay M. Newman Jr, ‘Some Hints on Solving Textual Problems’, in BT 33 (1982), pp. 430-435.
34 (1983)
Rogel L. Omanson, ‘A Perspective on the Study of the New Testament Text’, BT 34 (1983), pp. 107-122.
J.K. Elliott on Zane C. Hodges and Arthur L. Farstad (eds), The Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text, in BT 34 (1983), pp. 342-344.
J. Karavidopoulos on Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, Der Text des Neuen Testaments, in BT 34 (1983), pp. 344-345.
F.F. Bruce, review of Gerald Hammond, The Making of the English Bible, in BT 34 (1983), pp. 347-348.
36 (1985)
Ian A. Moir, ‘A Mini-Guide to New Testament Textual Criticism’, in BT 36 (1985), pp. 122-129.
Harold P. Scanlin, ‘The Majority Text Debate: Recent Developments’, in BT 36 (1985), pp. 136-140.
J.K. Elliott, review of Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine, in BT 36 (1985), pp. 143-144.
37 (1986)
H.J. de Jonge, ‘Erasmus’ Method of Translation in his Version of the New Testament’, in BT 37 (1986), pp. 135-138.
Notice of Selected Technical Articles Related to Translation (START), in BT 37 (1986), p. 347.
38 (1987)
Per Block, ‘Translating the Apocrypha in Sweden: With Special Reference to the Textual Problems’, in BT 38 (1987), pp. 315-327.
39 (1988)
P.E. [Paul Ellingworth], review of J.H. Petzer and P.J. Hartin, A South African Perspective on the New Testament, in BT 39 (1988), pp. 139-140. [Metzger FS (Petzer)]
Harold P. Scanlin, ‘Bible Translation as a Means of Communicating New Testament Textual Criticism to the Public’, in BT 39 (1988), pp. 101-113. [Chart on p. 113]
J. Neville Birdsall, review of Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, The Text of the New Testament, in BT 39 (1988), pp. 338-342.
40 (1989)
Philip Comfort, ‘the Pericope of the Adulteress’, in BT 40 (1989), pp. 145-147.
Roger L. Omanson, ‘Must Our Readers be Mindreaders?’, in BT 40 (1989), pp. 432-433. [On blunders in MSS. and (printed) translations]
42 (1991)
J.K. Elliott, review of Philip W. Comfort, Early Manuscripts and Modern Translations of the New Testament, in BT 42 (1991), pp. 343-345.
44 (1993)
P.E. [Paul Ellingworth], review of Metgzer, The Text of the New Testament ..., Third ... edition, in BT 44 (1993), pp. 146-147.
45 (1994)
Harald P. Scanlin, introduction to the Review Symposium of GNT4, in BT 45 (1994), pp. 348-349.
Moises Silva, review of GNT4, in BT 45 (1994), pp. 349-353.
Tjitze Baarda, review of GNT4 (‘The Textual Apparatus in the Fourth Edition’), in BT 45 (1994), pp. 353-356.
46 (1995)
Paul Ellingworth, ‘Theological Reflections on the Textual Criticism of the Bible’, in BT 46 (1995), pp. 119-125.
47 (1996)
Roger L. Omanson, review of Arthur G. Patzia, The Making of the New Testament, in BT 47 (1996), pp. 154-156.
Paul Ellingworth, review of Keith Elliott and Ian Moir, Manuscripts and the Text of the New Testament, in BT 47 (1996), pp. 352-353.
48 (1997)
Roger L. Omanson, review of Aland and Delobel (eds.), New Testament Textual Criticism and Ehrman and Holmes (eds.), The Text of the New Testament ..., in BT 48 (1997), pp. 350-352.
49 (1998)
Paul Ellingworth, review of David Parker, The Living Text of the Gospels, in BT 49 (1998), pp. 154-155.
Roger L. Omanson, ‘A Critical Appraisal of the Apparatus Criticus’, in BT 49 (1998), pp. 301-323. [On the choice of variants in UBSGNT4]
Roger L. Omanson, review of Charles Landon, A Text-Critical Study of the Epistle of Jude, in BT 49 (1998), pp. 353-354.
50 (1999)
Mikael Parsons, review of Kent D. Clark, Textual Optimism: A Critique of the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament, in BT 50 (1999), pp. 346-350.
51 (2000)
Iver Larsen, ‘Variant Readings in 2 Corinthians’, in BT 51 (2000), pp. 342-348.